Pardavila-Belio, M. I., García-Vivar, C., Pimenta, A. M., Canga-Armayor, A., Pueyo-Garrigues, S., & Canga-Armayor, N. (2015). Intervention Study for Smoking Cessation in Spanish College Students: Pragmatic Randomized Controlled trial: Intervention for Smoking Cesation. Addiction, 110(10), 1676–1683. https://doi.org/10.1111/add.13009.   

Abstract:

Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of a nurse intervention aimed at helping college student smokers quit smoking. Design: Single-blind, pragmatic randomized controlled trial which compares a multi-component intervention, tailored specifically to college students, with a brief advice session with a 6-month follow-up. Settings: This study was conducted at the University of Navarra, Spain. Participants: A total of 255 college student smokers (age range = 18-24 years) were randomized to an intervention group (n = 133) or to a control group (n = 122). Intervention: A multi-component intervention based on the Theory of Triadic Influence of Flay was developed. The intervention consisted of a 50-minute motivational interview conducted by a nurse and online self-help material. The follow-up included a reinforcing e-mail and group therapy. Measurements: The primary outcome was self-reported abstinence, with biochemical verification at 6 months. The secondary outcomes consisted of the mean number of cigarettes smoked per day, self-reported attempts to quit smoking and stage of change at 6 months. Findings: At the 6-month follow-up, the smoking cessation incidence was 21.1% in the intervention group compared with 6.6% in the control group (difference = 14.5 confidence interval = 6.1-22.8; relative risk = 3.41, 95% confidence interval = 1.62-7.20). The difference in the mean number of cigarettes at 6 months was significantly different (difference = -2.2, confidence interval = -3.6 to -0.9). Conclusions: A multi-component intervention tailored to college students and managed by a nurse is effective in increasing smoking cessation among college students.

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Behaviors Targeted

  • Quitting

  • Abstinence

  • Ancillary

    • Quit Date

Behavior Change Techniques

  • 1.2 Problem Solving

  • 1.3 Goal Setting (Outcome)

  • 1.4 Action Planning

  • 1.5 Review Behavior Goal(s)

  • 1.6 Discrepancy Between Current Behavior and Goal

  • 1.9 Commitment

  • 2.3 Self-Monitoring of Behavior

  • 2.4 Self-Monitoring of Outcome(s) of Behavior

  • 2.5 Monitoring Behavioral Outcome(s) of Behavior by Others withouth Feedback

  • 3.1 Social Support (Unspecified)

  • 3.3 Social Support (Emotional)

  • 4.1 Instructions on How to Perform a Behavior

  • 4.2 Information About Antecedents

  • 4.3 Re-Attribution

  • 4.4 Behavioral Experiments

  • 5.1 Information About Health Consequences

  • 5.3 Information on Social & Environmental Consequences

  • 5.4 Monitoring of Emotional Consequences

  • 5.5 Anticipated Regret

  • 5.6 Information About Emotional Consequences

  • 6.3 Information About Others’ Approval

  • 8.2 Behavior Substitution

  • 8.7 Graded Tasks

  • 9.2 Pros and Cons

  • 11.2 Reducing Negative Emotions

  • 11.3 Conserving Mental Resources

  • 12.1 Restructuring the Physical Environment

  • 12.2 Restructuring the Social Environment

  • 12.3 Avoidance/ Reducing Exposure to Cues for Behavior

  • 12.4 Distraction

  • 12.6 Body Changes

  • 13.1 Identification of Self as Role Model

  • 13.2 Framing/Reframing

  • 13.3 Incompatible Beliefs

  • 13.4 Valued Self-Identity

  • 15.1 Verbal Persuasion about Capability

  • 15.3 Focus on Past Success

  • 15.4 Self-Talk

  • 17.4 Motivational Interviewing

Materials